In 1954, the United States Supreme Court decided the case of Brown v. Board of Education of
Topeka (347 U.S. 483). The decision outlawed segregation in American public schools and
overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (163 U.S. 537), an 1896 decision that had declared separate but
equal education for blacks and whites constitutional. Although this milestone decision by the
highest court has been generally considered to be an important turning point in constitutional law,
the decision also marked a paradigm change in education because of the utilization of
psychological research as a key rationale for the ruling... |
Abstract |
Asthma is generally described as an immunological reaction to a broad range of apparently
irreconcilable, environmental triggers. Among these are, airborne particulate matter, greenhouse
gases, biological pathogens, as well as social and psychological stressors. Epidemiological research
of asthma among such a broad range of etiological agents and possible triggers, has produced an
assortment of conflicting correlations; to be sure, the quest to find the single-cause of asthma has
drowned in a sea of confounding variables. The present study attempts to rationalize the otherwise
chaotic elements at work within the asthmatic space, via a theoretical model that proposes a plausible
mediating mechanism between the environment and the individual asthma sufferer. It is specifically
argued, that the fight or flight response is the mediating instrument that unifies the presentation of
asthma. |
Abstract |
Recent advances in technology have allowed scientists to gain important insights into the
mechanisms responsible for the psychobiological response to stress; however, despite impressive
scientific progress in biology, little headway has been made toward the understanding of stress in
its wider, environmental context. As a result, the present study evaluates an ample selection of
traditional and emerging paradigms on the subject of stress, and posits a new research method;
broad enough in scope to concurrently address the specificity of biological mechanisms and the
abstract dynamics of natural systems. To that end, a new model based on meta-landscape
architecture is introduced and demonstrated via a recent survey by the American Psychological
Association entitled Stress in America. Results confirm that using meta-landscape architecture,
an integrated model of dissimilar systems can be successfully conceptualized, built and tested
with statistical data. |
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The melting pot paradigm is an integral part of American culture. The United States is a nation of
immigrants where individualism and diversity are the ingredients that forge the American way of
life (Horace, 1915). However, the idea that out of a multiplicity of races, ethnicities and languages,
a homogeneous American culture can be created has proven in practice to be unachievable. This
reality is particularly evident in the classroom where teachers are faced on a daily basis with a
school population that is ever more complex, diverse and less homogeneous. It is the purpose of
this guidebook to familiarize front-line public school teachers with the concept of multicultural
education, its history, advantages and challenges; as well as to provide some recommendations
and guidance on the way that culture can be integrated in class planning; so as to leverage
diversity and promote cooperation. |